國際純(chun)化學(xue)(xue)與(yu)(yu)應用(yong)化學(xue)(xue)學(xue)(xue)會(hui)（IUPAC）將活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing) 炭(tan)的(de)(de)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)分(fen)為大孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)（>50 nm）、中(zhong)(zhong)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)（2～50 nm）及(ji)微(wei) 孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)（<2 nm）3 類，在(zai)(zai)改(gai)(gai)性(xing)(xing)過程中(zhong)(zhong)，碳(tan)原子(zi)一(yi)直被消 耗，煤(mei)(mei)基(ji)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)炭(tan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)隙進一(yi)步發育，生成更多微(wei)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong). 甲烷(wan)在(zai)(zai)煤(mei)(mei)體中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)與(yu)(yu)擴散主要發生在(zai)(zai)微(wei)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)中(zhong)(zhong)， 而微(wei)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)屬于納(na)米級(ji)(ji)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)徑，所(suo)以(yi)煤(mei)(mei)對(dui)甲烷(wan)的(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)能 力與(yu)(yu)納(na)米級(ji)(ji)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)隙結構密切相(xiang)關. 結合(he)圖 1 和表 1， 對(dui)比分(fen)析煤(mei)(mei)基(ji)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)炭(tan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)隙結構的(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)變(bian)對(dui)于甲烷(wan)吸(xi)(xi) 附(fu)的(de)(de)影響，可(ke)知(zhi)：酸式(shi)(shi)改(gai)(gai)性(xing)(xing)后，煤(mei)(mei)基(ji)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)炭(tan) BET 比表面(mian)積、總孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)容(rong)(rong)與(yu)(yu)微(wei)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)容(rong)(rong)均有明顯增加(jia)，而甲 烷(wan)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)量(liang)卻明顯下降(jiang)；堿式(shi)(shi)改(gai)(gai)性(xing)(xing)后，煤(mei)(mei)基(ji)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)炭(tan) BET 比表面(mian)積、總孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)容(rong)(rong)與(yu)(yu)微(wei)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)容(rong)(rong)均減少，而甲烷(wan) 吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)量(liang)卻有所(suo)增加(jia) ；聯合(he)改(gai)(gai)性(xing)(xing)后 ，煤(mei)(mei)基(ji)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing) 炭(tan) BET 比表面(mian)積、總孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)容(rong)(rong)與(yu)(yu)微(wei)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)容(rong)(rong)均減少，甲烷(wan)吸(xi)(xi) 附(fu)量(liang)卻明顯增加(jia). 分(fen)析以(yi)上結果可(ke)以(yi)得出，存(cun)在(zai)(zai)其 他因素的(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)變(bian)造成了對(dui)甲烷(wan)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)的(de)(de)抑制(zhi)作用(yong)，且(qie) 在(zai)(zai)一(yi)定條件下這種(zhong)抑制(zhi)作用(yong)要強于孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)隙增加(jia)對(dui)甲 烷(wan)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)能力的(de)(de)促進作用(yong). 

1. 表面官能團對甲烷吸附的影響 由于煤基活性炭本身孔隙結構改變，處于開 放狀態，導致在改性過程中煤基活性炭表面生成 了更多含氧官能團，其總量多于改性后的原生結 構煤基活性炭. 酸式改性后，含氧官能團對甲烷的影響要大 于孔隙結構與比表面積的作用. 紅外光譜結果表 明，改性后煤基活性炭表面極性官能團數量明顯 增加，不利于非極性氣體甲烷的吸附. 結合甲烷吸 附量變化可發現，羧基與羥基對甲烷吸附的抑制 作用最明顯. 郇璇[27] 研究表明，酸性含氧官能團 為吸電子基團，表面含量增加后，活性炭與吸附質 之間作用降低，甲烷的有效吸附位降低，會造成吸 附量降低，與本研究結果一致. 堿性改性雖然造成塌孔和堵塞，微孔和中孔 的數量均下降，比表面積相應減少，但煤基活性炭 表面酸性官能團減少，表面極性基團減少. 這種改 變抵消了孔隙變化的抑制作用，因此對于甲烷的 吸附整體表現為促進作用. 可以看出，改性后官能 團的變化對甲烷吸附的影響要大于孔隙結構改變 的作用. 在聯合改性過程中，酸式改性使得煤基活性 炭表面孔隙增加，對甲烷吸附有一定的促進作用. 隨后堿式改性使得煤基活性炭表面極性降低，煤基活性炭表面非極性相對增大，甲烷吸附量明顯 增加. 故聯合改性后，煤基活性炭比表面積和微孔 都增大了，且表面非極性基團數量也相對較少，對 甲烷吸附整體表現為促進作用. 
   

2.  結論 （1）酸式(shi)改(gai)(gai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)后的(de)(de)煤(mei)(mei)基活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)表面(mian)極(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)增(zeng)強(qiang)； 堿式(shi)改(gai)(gai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)后的(de)(de)煤(mei)(mei)基活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)，酸性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)基團(tuan)含量(liang)減少，表 面(mian)非(fei)極(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)增(zeng)強(qiang). （2）聯合改(gai)(gai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)后的(de)(de)煤(mei)(mei)基活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)比表面(mian)積(ji)和(he)孔 容均明顯增(zeng)大(da)，其中比表面(mian)積(ji)增(zeng)大(da) 66.66%，總孔容 增(zeng)大(da) 30.89%；非(fei)極(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)官(guan)能(neng)(neng)團(tuan)增(zeng)加，甲(jia)烷吸(xi)附量(liang)顯著(zhu) 增(zeng)加，相較于(yu)改(gai)(gai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)前提(ti)升(sheng) 25.686%，且(qie)吸(xi)附量(liang)大(da)于(yu) 單一(yi)的(de)(de)酸式(shi)改(gai)(gai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或堿式(shi)改(gai)(gai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)煤(mei)(mei)基活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan). （3）孔隙(xi)結構和(he)表面(mian)官(guan)能(neng)(neng)團(tuan)共同決(jue)定了煤(mei)(mei)基 活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)對甲(jia)烷的(de)(de)吸(xi)附作(zuo)用，其中表面(mian)官(guan)能(neng)(neng)團(tuan)的(de)(de)種 類和(he)數(shu)量(liang)是影響主要(yao)原(yuan)因，孔隙(xi)結構是次要(yao)原(yuan)因.